Pharmaceutical

Carbocisteine is a mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily. Carbocisteine should not be used with antitussives (cough suppressants) or medicines that dry up bronchial...

Carbidopa (Lodosyn) is a drug given to people with Parkinson's disease in order to inhibit peripheral metabolism oflevodopa. This property is significant in that it allows a greater proportion of peripheral levodopa to cross the blood–brain barrier for central nervous system...

Carbetocin (trade name Duratocin) is an eight amino acid long analogue of oxytocin (a nonapeptide) with improved in vivo stability over oxytocin. Carbetocin primarily agonizes peripherally expressed oxytocin...

Calcitonin (salmon) is a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The calcitonin receptor has been cloned...

Buserelin is a potent LHRH agonist. After a transient increase, continuous administration results in downregulation of LH and FSH levels followed by a suppression of ovarian and testicular steroid...

Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular...

Bremelanotide, formerly known as PT-141, is a peptide drug. Similarly to its analogues α-MSH and melanotan II, bremelanotide acts as a non-selective agonist of all of the melanocortin receptors except...

Brain natriuretic peptide, uretic peptide or Ventricular Natriuretic Peptide (still BNP), is a 32-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). BNP is named as such because it was originally identified in extracts of porcine brain, although in humans it is...

Bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino...

Bivalirudin is a DTI that overcomes many limitations seen with indirect thrombin inhibitors. It is a short, synthetic peptide that is potent, highly specific, and a reversible inhibitor of thrombin. Bivalirudin inhibits both circulating and clot-bound thrombin, while also inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation and aggregation. It has a...